TranslaTing research inTo operaTional Medicine

B o r d e n I n s t I t u t e For more than 25 years, the Military operational Medicine research Program (MoMrP) has been a world leader in the study of blast-related injury. this research has produced insights, data, and predictive models that set standards for human exposure, guide the design of protective systems, and allow quick responses to the questions generated in a rapidly changing battle environment. the work of MoMrP continues to address the new blast issues of the 21st century. this volume was prepared for military medical educational use. the focus of the information is to foster discussion that may form the basis of doctrine and policy. the opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the department of the Army or the department of defense. dosage selection: the authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of dosages cited herein. However, it is the responsibility of every practitioner to consult appropriate information sources to ascertain correct dosages for each clinical situation, especially for new or unfamiliar drugs and procedures. the authors, editors, publisher, and the department of defense cannot be held responsible for any errors found in this book. use of trade or Brand names: use of trade or brand names in this publication is for illustrative purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the department of defense. neutral Language: unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. no copyrighted parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system), without permission in writing from the publisher or copyright owner. This publication is a reformatted version of the April 2008 preprint of the same title. It is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the publisher.